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[ Niger-Congo » Benue-Congo » Bantoid » Bantu » Zone S ]
Bantu languages of Zone S
There are some 20-30 languages in Zone S, the largest of which are Zulu, Xhosa, Shona, Tswana, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, and Changana.
Zone S languages are spoken in most of southern Africa, spec. South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and southern Mozambique.
The following languages appear on separate pages:
Quick jump to other Bantu zones:
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Rose-Juliet Anyanwu, 2001
On the manifestation of stress in African languages (PDF). Paper presented at TAPS (Typology of African Prosodic Systems), University of Bielefeld, May 2001.
www.spectrum.uni-bielefeld.de/TAPS/Anyanwu.pdf
Herman M. Batibo, 1997
The historical implications of the linguistic relationship between Makua and Sotho languages (PDF). Pula: Botswana journal of African studies, v. 11.1, p. 23-29.
digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/index.cfm
Sonja E. Bosch, Laurette Pretorius, Jackie Jones, 2007
Towards machine-readable lexicons for South African Bantu languages (PDF). Nordic journal of African studies, v. 16, p. 131-145.
www.njas.helsinki.fi
Katherine Demuth, Jeffrey Gruber, 1995
Constraining XP-sequences (PDF). From: Niger-Congo syntax and semantics, v. 6. African Studies Center, Boston University.
www.cog.brown.edu/People/demuth/articles/1995%20Demuth%20&%20Gruber.pdf
Clement Martyn Doke, 1937
Language (PDF). From: The Bantu-speaking tribes of South Africa. Edited by I. Schapera. London.
www.archive.org/details/bantuspeakingtri032916mbp
Clement Martyn Doke, 1944
Etudes relative aux langues bantoues en Afrique du sud (PDF). Aequatoria, v. 7, p. 152-154.
www.abbol.com/bookbank/bookbank_text_en.html
Laura Downing, 2005
The prosody of focus-related enclitics in some Southern Bantu languages (PDF). Paper presented at the 5th Bantu Grammar Meeting, London.
mercury.soas.ac.uk/users/lm5/BantuProjectPapers/Downingenclitics.pdf
Gérard Paul Lestrade, 1937
Traditional literature (PDF). From: The Bantu-speaking tribes of South Africa. Edited by I. Schapera. London.
www.archive.org/details/bantuspeakingtri032916mbp
Francis Matambirofa, 2000
Some aspects of the arhcitecture of the possessive noun phrase in Bantu (PDF). Zambezia, v. 27.1, p. 93-102.
digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/index.cfm
Mkomati John Mongwe, 2006
The role of the South African national lexicography units in the planning and compilation of multifunctional bilingual dictionaries (PDF). MA thesis. University of Stellenbosch.
hdl.handle.net/10019/101
Daniël J. Prinsloo, Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, 2002
Towards an 11x11 array for the degree of conjunctivism/disjunctivism of the South African languages (PDF). Nordic journal of African studies, v. 11 (2), p. 249-265.
www.njas.helsinki.fi
Daniël J. Prinsloo, Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, 2003
Non-word error detection in current South African spellcheckers (PDF). Southern African linguistics and applied language studies, v. 21, p. 307-326.
tshwanedje.com/publications
Daniël J. Prinsloo, Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, 2003
Towards second-generation spellcheckers for the South African languages (PDF). From: TAMA 2003 South Africa - conference proceedings. Edited by Gilles-Maurice de Schryver. (SF)2 Press.
tshwanedje.com/publications
Daniël J. Prinsloo, Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, 2004
Spellcheckers for the South African languages, 2: the utilisation of clusters of circumfixes (PDF). South African journal of African languages, v. 24, p. 83-94.
tshwanedje.com/publications
Daniël Jacobus Prinsloo, Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, 2005
Managing eleven parallel corpora and the extraction of data in all official South African languages (PDF). From: Multilingualism and electronic language management. Edited by W. Daelemans, et al. Van Schaik Publ.
tshwanedje.com/publications
Jocahim Sabel, Jochen Zeller, 2006
wh-Question formation in Nguni (PDF). From: Selected proceedings of the 35th annual conference on African linguistics. Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/35/index.html
Thilo C. Schadeberg, 1981
Tone in South African Bantu dictionaries (PDF). From: Journal of African languages and linguistics, v. 3, p. 175-180.
hdl.handle.net/1887/8807
Isaac Schapera (Ed.), 1937
The Bantu-speaking tribes of South Africa: an ethnographical survey (PDF). George Routledge & Sons. London.
www.archive.org/details/bantuspeakingtri032916mbp
Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, Daniël J. Prinsloo, 2004
Spellcheckers for the South African languages, 1: the status quo and options for improvement (PDF). South African journal of African languages, v. 24, p. 57-82.
tshwanedje.com/publications
Ryan K. Shosted, 2006
Whistled fricatives in Bantu: acoustic origins (PDF). LSA (Linguistic Society of America) presentation, Albuquerque NM.
www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/~shosted/bantu_whistle.pdf
George McCall Theal, 1886
Boers and Bantu: a history of the wanderings and wars of the emigrant farmers from their leaving the Cape Colony to the overthrow of Dingan (PDF). London.
www.archive.org/details/boersbantuhistor00theaiala
Nicolaas Jacobus van Warmelo, 1937
Grouping and ethnic history (PDF). From: The Bantu-speaking tribes of South Africa. Edited by I. Schapera. London.
www.archive.org/details/bantuspeakingtri032916mbp
Andy M. Chebanne, 2000
The Sebirwa language: a sychronic and diachronic account (PDF). Pula: Botswana journal of African studies, v. 14.2, p. 186-195.
digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/index.cfm
Wikipedia in Changana (Tsonga).
ts.wikipedia.org
Deborah Cole, 2000
Sound symbolism as a purposive function of culturally situated speech: a look at the use of ideophones in Tsonga (PDF). From: Working papers in linguistics from A-Z. Coyote papers, n. 10 University of Arizona.
eric.ed.gov (ED454711)
Nxalati Charlotte Priscilla Golele, 2002
Rririma ra tinovhele ta nhungu ta xiTsonga: language of eight xiTsonga novels (PDF). DLitt et Phil thesis. University of South Africa, Pretoria.
etd.unisa.ac.za/ETD-db/ETD-desc/describe?urn=etd-11082006-091421
Tore Janson, 1999
Prenasalized voiced aspirated stops in Changana/Tsonga (PS). Paper presented at the Fonetik 99 conference, Göteborg University, June 1999.
www.ling.gu.se/konferenser/fonetik99/manus/5.ps
Tore Janson, Olle Engstrand, 2001
Some unusual sounds in Changana (PDF). Working papers from the Department of Linguistics, Lund University, n. 49, p. 74-77.
www.ling.lu.se/conference/fonetik2001/proceedings/bidrag19.pdf
www.ling.lu.se/disseminations/pdf/49/bidrag19.pdf
Peter Ladefoged
Vowels and consonants: Tsonga. Sound files hosted at the UCLA Phonetics Lab.
hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/index/language.html
Jacobus Abraham Louw, 1983
Some tone rules in Tsonga (PDF). From: Afrika und Übersee, v. 66, p. 13-24.
books.google.com/books?id=mjIzAAAAIAAJ (whole issue)
Ximbani Eric Mabaso, 2004
Issues on Xitsonga verbs (PDF). MA thesis. University of South Africa.
etd.unisa.ac.za/ETD-db/ETD-desc/describe?urn=etd-03152005-131907
Sarah Hlekani Masunga, 2000
Language management in South Africa: a case study of the Xitsonga Language Board (PDF). MA thesis. University of Pretoria.
upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08022006-102324
Mkhanzane Daniel Ndove, 2005
Semiotics as a medium to convey the philosophy and psychology of evil in the Xitsonga translation of Macbeth (PDF). DLitt et Phil thesis. University of South Africa.
etd.unisa.ac.za/ETD-db/ETD-desc/describe?urn=etd-11152005-104331
Anthony Traill, Michael Jackson, 1987
Speaker variation and phonation type in Tsonga (PDF). UCLA working papers in phonetics, v. 67, p. 1-28.
repositories.cdlib.org/uclaling/wpp/No67/
Sabine Zerbian, 2007
A first approach to information structure in Xitsonga / Xichangana (PDF). SOAS working papers in linguistics, v. 15, p. 65-78.
www.soas.ac.uk/linguistics/research/workingpapers/volume-15/swpl-volume-15.html
Online corpus for Nambya. The ALLEX Project
folk.uio.no/danielr/africanlang.html
Wim van Binsbergen, 2002
Minority language and the state in two African situations: the Nkoya of Zambia and the Kalanga of Botswana.
www.shikanda.net/ethnicity/minority.htm
Laura J. Downing
Voiceless tone depressors in Nambya and Botswana Kalang'a (PDF). From: Proceedings of the 27th meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society.
www.zas.gwz-berlin.de/home/downing/Voiceless_Depressors.pdf
William Gardner
Book review: 'Ikalanga phonetics and phonology' by Joyce Mathangwane, 1999. SIL electronic book review SILEBR 2004-011.
www.sil.org:8090/silebr/2004/silebr2004-011
Joyce Mathangwane, 1994
Kalanga wordlist (3,000 items). Hosted at the CBOLD site.
www.cbold.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr
Rose M. Letsholo, 2006
WH constructions in Ikalanga: a remnant movement analysis (PDF). From: Selected proceedings of the 35th annual conference on African linguistics. Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/35/index.html
Rose M. Letshalo, Ken Safir
Ikalanga files - grammar sketch, anaphora sketch, questionnaire. African Anaphora Project, Rutgers University.
www.africananaphora.rutgers.edu/ikalanga.html
H.J. Moyo, 2002
Lexical metamorphosis of the Kalanga language: towards an analysis of the impact of Ndebele domination of the Kalanga language (PDF). Zambezia, v. 29.2, p. 142-148.
digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/index.cfm
See the Shona page.
See the Shona page.
See the Shona page.
See the Shona page.
Online corpus for Ndebele. The ALLEX Project
folk.uio.no/danielr/africanlang.html
William Allan Elliott, 1897
Dictionary of the Tebele and Shuna languages, with illustrative sentences and some grammatical notes (PDF). London.
www.archive.org/details/dictionaryoftebe00elliuoft
Nancy Chongo Kula, 2004
Domain variability in the reduplication of inflected items (PDF). To appear in: Malawi journal of linguistics.
www.nancykula.net/Malawi%20Journal%20draft%202004.pdf
James N. Pelling, 1971
Ndebele wordlist (5,000 items). Hosted at the CBOLD site.
www.cbold.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr
David K. Rycroft, 1980
Ndebele and Zulu: some phonetic and tonal comparisons (PDF). Zambezia, v. 8.2, p. 109-128.
digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/index.cfm
J. Zondo, 1982
Some aspects of the ideophone in Ndebele (PDF). Zambezia, v. 10.2, p. 111-126.
digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/index.cfm
See separate page for Northern Sotho links.
Wilhelm H.I. Bleek, 1856
The languages of Mosambique: vocabularies of the dialects of Lourenzo Marques, Inhambane, Sofala, Tette, Sena, Quellimane, Mosambique, Cape Delgado, Anjoane, the Maravi, Mudasu etc. (PDF). Harrison & Sons.
books.google.com/books?id=1rQFAAAAQAAJ
Lesley Carmichael, 1999
The morphosyntactic structure of NPs in Ronga. From: University of Washington working papers in linguistics, v. 16, p. 83-96.
depts.washington.edu/uwwpl/editions/vol162.html
Manuel da Conceição, Susan McBurney, 1999
A brief look at the sociolinguistics of Ronga and other languages spoken in Mozambique. From: University of Washington working papers in linguistics, v. 16, p. 9-30.
depts.washington.edu/uwwpl/editions/vol162.html
Sharon Hargus, Manuel da Conceição, 1999
Consonant labialization in Ronga. From: University of Washington working papers in linguistics, v. 16, p. 31-50.
depts.washington.edu/uwwpl/editions/vol162.html
Sharon Hargus, Manuel da Conceição, Susan McBurney, 1999
Noun classes and agreement in Ronga. From: University of Washington working papers in linguistics, v. 16, p. 51-82.
depts.washington.edu/uwwpl/editions/vol162.html
Rose Vondrasek, 1999
Ronga relative clauses and noun phrase accessibility. From: University of Washington working papers in linguistics, v. 16, p. 115-140.
depts.washington.edu/uwwpl/editions/vol162.html
Gabriel Webster, 1999
Evidence for weight subcategorization in Ronga. From: University of Washington working papers in linguistics, v. 16, p. 97-114.
depts.washington.edu/uwwpl/editions/vol162.html
See separate page for Shona links.
Shona covers Korekore (S11), Zezuru (S12), Manyika (S13), Karanga (S14), and Ndau (S15), but not Kalanga (S16), which instead appears under its own entry above.
See separate page for Southern Sotho links.
Wikipedia in Swati.
ss.wikipedia.org
Udo Klein, 2006
Subject and object markers in SiSwati (PDF).
homepage.ntlworld.com/udo.klein/SubjectMarking.pdf
Udo Klein, 2006
Objects and object marking in SiSwati (PDF).
homepage.ntlworld.com/udo.klein/ucla-talk.pdf
Udo Klein, 2006
Double object constructions in SiSwati (PDF).
homepage.ntlworld.com/udo.klein/soas2.pdf
Udo Klein, 2006
Comparing accusative clitic pronouns in Romanian with object markers in SiSwati (PS).
homepage.ntlworld.com/udo.klein/leeds.ps
Udo Klein, 2007
Encoding the argument structure in Romanian and SiSwati (PDF). Dissertation. King's College, University of London.
https://www.ilg.uni-stuttgart.de/klein
Nhlanhla Thwala, 2004
The CP periphery and the syntax of questions, clefts and relative clauses in Bantu (PDF). Paper presented at the 4th Bantu Grammar Meeting, Leiden.
mercury.soas.ac.uk/users/lm5/BantuProjectPapers/ThwalaLeidenHO14Dec2004.pdf
Richard Wright, Aaron Shryock, 1992
The effect of implosives on pitch in SiSwati (PDF). UCLA working papers in phonetics, v. 81, p. 140-147.
repositories.cdlib.org/uclaling/wpp/No81/
David Leslie, 1875
Among the Zulus and the Amatongas, with sketches of the natives, their language and customs, and the country, products, climate, wild animals, &c. (PDF). Edinburgh.
www.archive.org/details/amongzulusamaton00leslrich
Julius Torrend, 1891
A comparative grammar of the South-African Bantu languages (PDF). London.
www.archive.org/details/comparativegramm00torruoft
Ryan K. Shosted, 2006
Whistled fricatives in Bantu: acoustic origins (PDF). LSA (Linguistic Society of America) presentation, Albuquerque NM.
www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/~shosted/bantu_whistle.pdf
Ryan Shosted, 2006
Just put your lips together and blow? Whistled fricatives in Southern Bantu (PDF). From: Proceedings of ISSP 2006, 7th International Seminar on Speech Production. Centro de Estudos da Fala, Acóustica, Linguagem e Música (CEFALA).
www.cefala.org/issp2006/cdrom/articles/shosted.pdf
See separate page for Tswana links.
Wikipedia in Venda.
ve.wikipedia.org
Peter Ladefoged
Vowels and consonants: Venda. Sound files hosted at the UCLA Phonetics Lab.
hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/index/language.html
M. Lynne Murphy, 1997
Venda wordlist (8,900 items). Hosted at the CBOLD site.
www.cbold.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr
Friedrich Neubarth, John R. Rennison, 2005
Structure in melody, and vice versa (PDF). Leiden papers in linguistics, v. 2(4), p. 95-124.
www.lucl.leidenuniv.nl/content_docs/workingpapers/govpy/neubarthrennison.pdf
Philip M. Parker
Venda English dictionary.
www.websters-online-dictionary.org/translation/Venda
G. de Pauw, P.W. Wagacha, Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, 2007
Automatic diacritic restoration for resource-scarce languages (PDF). From: Text, speech and dialogue (proceedings of the 10th international TSD conference). Edited by V. Matousek and P. Mautner. Julius Springer-Verlag.
aflat.org/?q=node/184
Matodzi Rebecca Raphalalani, 2006
Basic emotions in Tshivenda: a cognitive semantic analysis (PDF). MA thesis. University of Stellenbosch.
hdl.handle.net/10019/238
Valerie Vetter
Description of ChiVenda. Linguistics Department, University of Iowa.
www.uiowa.edu/~linguist/classes/typology99/languages/ChiVenda
See separate page for Xhosa links.
See the Shona page.
See separate page for Zulu links.
