Country-specific materials, articles, websites
This page intends to collect links to web resources that deal with language issues focussing specifically on individual African countries. It is still very incomplete -- but it is growing.
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Algeria |
Angola |
Benin |
Botswana |
British Indian Ocean Territory |
Burkina Faso |
Burundi |
Cameroon |
Canary Islands |
Cape Verde Islands |
Central African Rep. |
Chad |
Comoro Islands |
Congo-Brazzaville |
Congo-Kinshasa |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Djibouti |
Egypt |
Equatorial Guinea |
Eritrea |
Ethiopia |
Gabon |
Gambia |
Ghana |
Guinea |
Guinea-Bissau |
Kenya |
Lesotho |
Liberia |
Libya |
Madagascar |
Malawi |
Mali |
Mauritania |
Mauritius |
Mayotte |
Morocco |
Mozambique |
Namibia |
Niger |
Nigeria |
Réunion |
Rwanda |
Sahrawi Rep. |
St Helena |
São Tomé e Príncipe |
Senegal |
Seychelles |
Sierra Leone |
Somalia |
South Africa |
Sudan |
Swaziland |
Tanzania |
Togo |
Tunisia |
Uganda |
Zambia |
Zimbabwe
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Algeria. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/AG
Languages of Algeria, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=DZ
Gilbert Grandguillaume, 2004
Country case study on the language of instruction and the quality of basic education: policy of arabization in primary and secondary education in Algeria = a background paper for the "Education for all global monitoring report 2005: the quality imperative" (PDF). UNESCO document, ref. 2005/ED/EFA/MRT/PI/19.
unesdoc.unesco.org
Mohamed Meouak, Nacera Kouici, 2001
Argots, jargons et mots de passe dans l'arabe algérien: notes linguistiques et sociologiques (PDF). Estudios de dialectología norteafricana y andalusí, v. 5, p. 61-71.
www.ieiop.com/publicaciones/detalle.php?idnoticia=265
Hind Amel Mostari, 2005
The language question in the Arab World: evidence from Algeria (PDF). Journal of language and learning, v. 3, p. 36-52.
www.shakespeare.uk.net/journal/jllearn/3_1/mostari.htm
Rabeh Sebaa, 2002
Culture et plurilinguisme en Algérie. Trans: Internet-Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften, n. 13.
www.inst.at/trans/13Nr/sebaa13.htm
Angeles Vicente, Amalia Zomeño, 1997
Dos ejemplos sobre la distribución del trabajo en el Marruecos rural: aproximación lingüística y etnográfica (PDF). Estudios de dialectología norteafricana y andalusí, v. 2, p. 197-223.
www.ieiop.com/publicaciones/detalle.php?idnoticia=99
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Angola. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/AO
Languages of Angola, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=AO
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Benin. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/BN
Languages of Benin, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=BJ
Bisharat discussion board: Langues béninoises et les NTIC.
www.quicktopic.com/share?s=QSpo
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Botswana. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/BC
Languages of Botswana, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=BW
Google Botswana.
www.google.co.bw
Nkonko M. Kamwangamalu
Book review: 'Language and development in southern Africa' edited by R. Trewby & S. Fitchat, 2001. H-Net book review, January 2003.
www.h-net.org/reviews
Lydia Nyati-Ramahobo, 1994
Minority language use and early educational hurdles in Botswana (PDF). Pula: Botswana journal of African studies, v. 8.1, p. 90-103.
digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/index.cfm
Desmond Painter
Book review: 'Language and identities in a postcolony: southern African perspectives' edited by Rosalie Finlayson & Sarah Slabbert, 2005. H-Net book review, December 2006.
www.h-net.org/reviews
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in British Indian Ocean Territory. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/IO
Languages of British Indian Ocean Territory, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IO
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Burkina Faso. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/UV
Languages of Burkina Faso, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=BF
Bisharat discussion board: Langues burkinabè et les NTIC.
www.quicktopic.com/share?s=QSpo
Issa Diallo, 2004
Les langues nationales, outils de promotion du français au Burkina Faso (PDF). Colloque Développement Durable, Ouagadougou.
www.francophonie-durable.org/documents/colloque-ouaga-a1-diallo.pdf
Abou Napon, 2003
La problèmatique de l'introduction des langues nationales dans l'enseignement primaire au Burkina Faso (PDF). Sudlangues: revue electronique internationale de sciences du langage, n. 2 (50).
www.sudlangues.sn/IMG/pdf/doc-50.pdf
Norbert Nikièma, 1980
The linguistic situation in Upper Volta: theoretical and applied research on the national languages (PDF) = La situation linguistique en Haute-Volta: travaux de recherche et d'application sur les langues nationales (PDF). UNESCO document, ref. ED-80/WS/22.
unesdoc.unesco.org
Norbert Nikiéma, 1996
Evolution de la question de l'utilisation des langues nationales dans le système éducatif au Burkina Faso (PDF). Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs 268, v. 7, p. 187-201.
publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/volltexte/2006/3600/
Albert Ouédraogo, 2004
Langues nationales et langue officielle à travers la chorale de Kongoussi (PDF). Colloque Développement Durable, Ouagadougou.
www.francophonie-durable.org/documents/colloque-ouaga-a1-ouedraogo.pdf
Mamadou Lamine Sanogo, 2005
Les relations entre l'arabe et le français dans le système éducatif au Burkina Faso (PDF). Sudlangues: revue electronique internationale de sciences du langage, n. 5 (108).
www.sudlangues.sn/IMG/pdf/doc-108.pdf
Féridjou Emilie Georgette Sanon-Ouattara, 2005
La traduction en situation de diglossie: le cas du discours religieux chrétien au Burkina Faso (PDF). Dissertation. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG).
irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/274536048
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Burundi. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/BY
Languages of Burundi, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=BI
Google Burundi.
www.google.bi
Claude Frey, 1995
Au Burundi, le plurilinguisme entre l'ordre et la contestation? (PDF). Le français en Afrique: revue du réseau des observatoires du français contemporain en Afrique, n. 10.
www.unice.fr/ILF-CNRS/ofcaf/10/10.html
Barbara Ndimurukundo-Kururu, 2004
Problématique de la législation linguistique au Burundi (PDF). Colloque Développement Durable, Ouagadougou.
www.francophonie-durable.org/documents/colloque-ouaga-a1-ndimurukundo.pdf
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Cameroon. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/CM
Languages of Cameroon, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=CM
SIL Cameroun.
www.sil.org/africa/cameroun
Pierre Alexandre, 1962
Rapport de mission ethno-linguistique au Sud-Cameroun. Cahiers d'études africaines, v. 2, p. 630-634.
www.persee.fr/showIssue.do?issueKey=cea_0008-0055_1962_num_2_8
Eric A. Anchimbe, 2006
Functional seclusion and the future of indigenous languages in Africa: the case of Cameroon (PDF). From: Selected proceedings of the 35th annual conference on African linguistics. Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/35/index.html
Eric A. Anchimbe, 2006
Socio-pragmatic constraints to native or indigenous language education in Cameroon (PDF). From: Selected proceedings of the 36th annual conference on African linguistics. Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/36/index.html
Jean-Claude Barbier, 1981
Les groupes ethniques et les langues (PDF). From: Encyclopédie de la République Unie de Cameroun, p. 239-260.
www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_02-03/02981.pdf
Daniel Barreteau, 1981
Plan de description pour la standardisation de l'écriture des langues camerounaises (PDF). Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer (ORSTOM).
www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_12-13/17099.pdf
Daniel Barreteau, 1984
Les langues (PDF). From: Le nord du Cameroun. Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer (ORSTOM).
www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_2/memoires/15527.pdf
Edmond Biloa, 2004
Loans from European languages in African languages: intercultural relationships and necessity. Trans: Internet-Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften, n. 15, section 7.1.
www.inst.at/trans/15Nr/07_1/biloa15.htm
Steven Bird, 2002
Orthography and identity in Cameroon (PDF). Written language and literacy, v. 4, p. 131-162.
cogprints.org/1446
Zachée Denis Bitjaa Kody, 2001
Gestion du plurilinguisme urbain par les communautés religieuse à Yaoundé (PDF). Cahiers du Rifal, v. 22, p. 66-72.
www.rifal.org/3_information.html
Zachée Denis Bitjaa Kody, 2001
Emergence et survie des langues nationales au Cameroun. Trans: Internet-Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften, n. 11.
www.inst.at/trans/11Nr/kody11.htm
Geoffrey Echu, 1999
Colonialism and linguistic dilemmas in Africa: Cameroon as a paradigm - revisited (PDF). Quest: an African journal of philosophy, v. 13, p. 19-26.
www.quest-journal.net/1999.htm
George Echu, 2002
Multilingualism as a resource: the lexical appropriation of Cameroon indigenous languages by English and French. Trans: Internet-Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften, n. 13.
www.inst.at/trans/13Nr/echu13.htm
George Echu, 2003
Coping with multilingualism: trends in the evolution of language policy in Cameroon. PhiN (Philologie in Netz), v. 25, p. 31-46.
web.fu-berlin.de/phin/phin25/p25t2.htm
George Echu, 2004
Problématique de l'emprunt linguistique dans le contexte du bilinguisme officiel au Cameroun. Trans: Internet-Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften, n. 15, section 7.1.
www.inst.at/trans/15Nr/07_1/echu15.htm
George Echu, 2004
The language question in Cameroon. Linguistik online, v. 18, p. 19-34.
www.linguistik-online.de/18_04/echu.html
Valentin Feussi, 2004
Politique linguistique et développement durable au Cameroun: perspective émique ou perspective étique (PDF). Colloque Développement Durable, Ouagadougou.
www.francophonie-durable.org/documents/colloque-ouaga-a1-feussi.pdf
Yves Marguerat, 1976
Les peuples du Cameroun (PDF). Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer (ORSTOM).
www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_02-03/02969.pdf
Alain Flaubert Takam, 2007
Bilinguisme officiel et promotion de la langue minoritaire en milieu scolaire: le cas du Cameroun (PDF). Sudlangues: revue electronique internationale de sciences du langage, v. 7, p. 26-48.
www.sudlangues.sn/article111.html
Godfrey Tangwa, 1999
Colonialism and linguistic dilemmas in Africa: Cameroon as a paradigm (PDF). Quest: an African journal of philosophy, v. 13, p. 3-18.
www.quest-journal.net/1999.htm
Jean-Bénoit Tsofack, 2002
Publicité, langue et plurivocalité au Cameroun (PDF). Sudlangues: revue electronique internationale de sciences du langage, n. 1 (15).
www.sudlangues.sn/IMG/pdf/doc-15.pdf
Directory of cities and towns in Canary Islands. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/SP/53
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Cape Verde. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/CV
Languages of Cape Verde Islands, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=CV
Capeverdean Creole Institute in Dorchester MA, USA.
www.capeverdeancreoleinstitute.org
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Central African Republic. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/CT
Languages of Central African Republic, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=CF
Henri Guillaume, Jean-Michel Delobeau, 1978
Une mosaïque ethnique et linguistique en milieu rural: enquête de démographie linguistique dans la sous-préfecture de Mongoumba (PDF). From: Contacts de langues et contacts de culture. Société pour l'Etude des Langues Africaines.
www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_12-13/16056.pdf
Michel Koyt, 1995
La terminologie dans le contexte de l'aménagement linguistique de la République centrafricaine (PDF). Cahiers du Rifal, v. 14, p. 6-9.
www.rifal.org/3_information.html
Pierre Nougayrol, 1990
Langues et populations du nort-est centrafricain (PDF). From: Relations interethniques et culture matérielle dans le bassin du lac Tchad. Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer (ORSTOM).
horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/colloques2/31546.pdf
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Chad. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/CD
Languages of Chad, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=TD
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in the Comoros. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/CN
Languages of Comoros Islands, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KM
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Congo-Brazzaville. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/CF
Languages of Congo-Brazzaville, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=CG
Google Rep. du Congo.
www.google.cg
André Jacquot, 1961
Recherches linguistiques au Congo (PDF). Nouvelles de l'IEC (COG), v. 3, p. 1-9.
www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_06-07/07822.pdf
André Jacquot, 1967
Essai de géographie linguistique sur quelques plantes médicinales du Congo-Brazzaville (PDF). Cahiers de l'ORSTOM, série sciences humaines, v. 4 (3/4), p. 3-35.
www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_4/sci_hum/19800.pdf
André Jacquot, 1971
Les langues Congo-Brazzaville: inventaire et classification (PDF). Cahiers de l'ORSTOM, série sciences humaines, v. 8, p. 349-357.
www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_4/sci_hum/19840.pdf
Orner Massoumou, 2001
Des usages linguistiques actuels en République du Congo (PDF). Cahiers du Rifal, v. 22, p. 73-78.
www.rifal.org/3_information.html
David R. Woods, 1994
Changing patterns of language utilization in the Republic of Congo (PDF).
eric.ed.gov (ED367183)
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Congo-Kinshasa. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/CG
Languages of Congo-Kinshasa, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=CD
Google Rep. Dem. du Congo.
www.google.cd
Edema Atibakwa Baboya, 2003
L'orthographe des langues de la République démocratique du Congo: entre usages et norme (PDF). Cahiers du Rifal, v. 23, p. 76-83.
www.rifal.org/3_information.html
Gustaaf Hulstaert, 1939
La langue véhiculaire de l'enseignement (PDF). Aequatoria, v. 2, p. 85-89.
www.abbol.com/bookbank/bookbank_text_en.html
Gustaaf Hulstaert, 1953
Civilisation occidentale et langage au Congo belge (PDF). Aequatoria, v. 16, p. 23-25.
www.abbol.com/bookbank/bookbank_text_en.html
Ngessimo Mutaka, 2001
Language and oral literature as a national identity marker in the DRC. Trans: Internet-Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften, n. 11.
www.inst.at/trans/11Nr/mutaka11.htm
Mwatha Musanji Ngalasso, 1986
Etat des langues et langues de l'état au Zaïre (PDF). Politique africaine, n. 23, p. 7-28.
www.politique-africaine.com/numeros/pdf/023007.pdf
R. Philippe, 1955
Au sujet de deux cartes linguistiques du Congo belge (PDF). Aequatoria, v. 18, p. 67-68.
www.abbol.com/bookbank/bookbank_text_en.html
Albert Jozef de Rop, 1960
Les langues du Congo (PDF). Aequatoria, v. 23, p. 1-24.
www.abbol.com/bookbank/bookbank_text_en.html
Mark van de Velde, 1999
The two language maps of the Belgian Congo (PDF). Annales Aequatoria, v. 20, p. 475-489.
webh01.ua.ac.be/markvandevelde/publications.html
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Côte d'Ivoire. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/IV
Languages of Côte d'Ivoire, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=CI
Google Cote d'Ivoire.
www.google.ci
Cécile van den Avenne, 1998
Partage de territoire: coexistence du français et des autres langues locales dans une ville ivoirienne. Le français en Afrique: revue du réseau des observatoires du français contemporain en Afrique, n. 12.
www.unice.fr/ILF-CNRS/ofcaf/12/12.html
Jean Derive, Marie-Jose Derive, 1986
Francophonie et pratique linguistique en Côte d'Ivoire (PDF). Politique africaine, n. 23, p. 42-56.
www.politique-africaine.com/numeros/pdf/023042.pdf
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Djibouti. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/DJ
Languages of Djibouti, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=DJ
Google Djibouti.
www.google.dj
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Egypt. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/EG
Languages of Egypt, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=EG
Google Egypt.
www.google.com.eg
Mohamed Abuelata
Un apunte sobre el español en Egipto. Centro Virtual Cervantes, Annuario 2003.
www.cvc.cervantes.es/obref/anuario/anuario_03
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Equatorial Guinea. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/EK
Languages of Equatorial Guinea, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=GQ
Trinidad Morgades Besari
Breve apunte sobre el español en Guinea Ecuatorial. Centro Virtual Cervantes, Annuario 2005.
www.cvc.cervantes.es/obref/anuario/anuario_05
Birgit Ricquier, 2005
De taalsituatie in Equatoriaal-Guinea (PDF). Lisensiaatverhandeling. Universiteit Gent.
www.scriptieprijs.be/NL/index.php?cat=17&page=44&preview=0&cache=&id=447
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Eritrea. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/ER
Languages of Eritrea, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=ER
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Ethiopia. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/ET
Languages of Ethiopia, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=ET
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Gabon. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/GB
Languages of Gabon, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=GA
André Jacquot, 1978
Le Gabon (PDF). From: Inventaire des études linguistiques sur les pays d'Afrique noire d'expression française et sur Madagascar. Conseil International de la Langue Française (CILF).
www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_08-09/09655.pdf
André Jacquot, 1983
Ethno-linguistique (PDF). From: Géographie et cartographie du Gabon. Paris: Edicef.
www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_16-17/21242.pdf
André Jacquot, 1988
Langue nationale et langues nationels: commentaires sur un projet de langue commune au Gabon (PDF). Cahiers des sciences humaines, v. 24, p. 403-416.
www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_4/sci_hum/26976.pdf
T.J. Kwenzi Mikala, 1987
Contribution à l'inventaire des parlers bantu du Gabon (PDF). Pholia, v. 2, p. 103-110.
www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/divers/Download/Pholia/Pholia_N-2.pdf (whole issue)
T.J. Kwenzi Mikala, 1992
Présentation géo-linguistique de Libreville (PDF). Pholia, v. 7, p. 67-82.
www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/divers/Download/Pholia/Pholia_N-2.pdf (whole issue)
Raymond Mayer, 1987
Langues des groupes pygmées au Gabon: un état des lieux (PDF). Pholia, v. 2, p. 111-124.
www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/divers/Download/Pholia/Pholia_N-2.pdf (whole issue)
Rebecca Mitchell, 2004
Les perceptions du français gabonais et la distribution des langues au Gabon (PDF). Le français en Afrique: revue du réseau des observatoires du français contemporain en Afrique, n. 19.
www.unice.fr/ILF-CNRS/ofcaf/19/Articles.html
Lolke J. van der Veen, 2005
Language, culture, and genes in Bantu: a multidisciplinary approach of the Bantu-speaking populations of Africa - the case of Gabon (PDF). Proceedings of the 1st OMLL conference, Leipzig, April 2004.
www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/Annuaires/PDF/Van%20Der%20Veen/Van%20der%20Veen_ý%20paraÓtre.pdf
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in The Gambia. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/GA
Languages of Gambia, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=GM
Google Gambia.
www.google.gm
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Ghana. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/GH
Languages of Ghana, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=GH
Bisharat discussion board: Ghanaian languages & ICT.
www.quicktopic.com/share?s=QSpo
Albert K. Awedoba, 1985
Bilingualism and language shift in Navrongo (PDF). Research review of the Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, v. 1.2, p. 203-225.
digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/index.cfm
Jack Berry, 1968
The Madina Project, Ghana: language attitude in Madina (PDF). Research review of the Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, v. 5.2, p. 61-79.
digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/index.cfm
Adams B. Bodomo, 1996
On language and development in Africa: the case of Ghana (PDF). Nordic journal of African studies, v. 5, p. 31-53.
www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol5num2/bodomo.pdf
Alex K. Dzameshie, 1988
Language policy and the common languag controversy in Ghana (PDF). Research review of the Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, new series, v. 4.2, p. 16-27.
digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/index.cfm
Mary E. Kropp Dakubu, 1985
Notes on the linguistic situation on the coast of Ghana during the nineteeth century (PDF). Research review of the Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, new series, v. 1.2, p. 192-202.
digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/index.cfm
Kwadwo Asafo-Agyei Okrah, 203
Language, education and culture: the dilemma of Ghanaian schools. The African symposium: an on-line African educational research journal, v. 3 (4).
www2.ncsu.edu/ncsu/aern/inkralang.html
Charles Owu-Ewie, 2006
The language policy of education in Ghana: a critical look at the English-only language policy of education (PDF). From: Selected proceedings of the 35th annual conference on African linguistics. Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/35/index.html
Martin Verlet, 1986
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Guinea. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Guinea, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Guinea-Bissau. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/PU
Languages of Guinea-Bissau, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Merwyn David Waldegrave Jeffreys, 1972
Guinea: pointers to the origin of this word. Cahiers d'études africaines, v. 12, p. 666-669.
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La situation linguistique en Casamance et Guinée-Bissau. Cahiers d'études africaines, v. 20, p. 369-386.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Kenya. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Kenya, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Google Kenya.
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Peter Oracha Adoyo, 2002
Emergent approaches towards bilingualism in deaf education in Kenya (PDF). Stichproben: Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien, v. 3, p. 83-96.
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Attitudes towards languages in Nairobi (PDF). MA thesis. University of Pittsburgh.
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Bilingual education for street children in Kenya: evidence from language mixing (PDF). Journal of language and learning, v. 2, p. 65-87.
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Necrolinguistics: the linguistically stranded (PDF). From: Selected proceedings of the 35th annual conference on African linguistics. Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
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Language and politics in Kenya: restricted and elaborated codes (PDF). Journal of language and linguistics, v. 1, p. 434-442.
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Language use and mode of communication in community development projects in Nyanza province, Kenya (PDF). PhD thesis. University of the Western Cape.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Lesotho. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Lesotho, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Google Lesotho.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Liberia. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Liberia, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Libya. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/LY
Languages of Libya, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=LY
Google Libya.
www.google.com.ly
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Madagascar. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/MA
Languages of Madagascar, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=MG
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Malawi. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/MI
Languages of Malawi, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Google Malawi.
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Gregory H. Kamwendo, 2000
Interfacing language research with policy: the case of language in education in Malawi (PDF). Nordic journal of African studies, v. 9, p. 1-10.
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Language policy in health services: a sociolinguistic study of a Malawian referral hospital (PDF). PhD thesis. University of Helsinki.
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Linguistics in the Corridor: a review of research on the Bantu languages of South-West Tanzania, North-East Zambia and North Malawi (PDF). Expanded version of a paper prepared for the International Colloquium on Kiswahili in 2000, Institute of Kiswahili Research, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Mali. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Mali, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Mauritania. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/MR
Languages of Mauritania, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Mauritius. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/MP
Languages of Mauritius, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=MU
Google Mauritius.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Mayotte. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/MF
Languages of Mayotte, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Morocco. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Morocco, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Google Morocco.
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Simon Lèvy, 1996
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Official and unofficial attitudes towards 'own' and 'other' languages in Morocco. Trans: Internet-Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften, n. 15, section 6.1.
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L'arabe, le français, l'amazighe au Maroc: un patrimoine linguistique national (PDF). Cahiers du Rifal, v. 22, p. 60-65.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Mozambique. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Mozambique, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Wilhelm H.I. Bleek, 1856
The languages of Mosambique: vocabularies of the dialects of Lourenzo Marques, Inhambane, Sofala, Tette, Sena, Quellimane, Mosambique, Cape Delgado, Anjoane, the Maravi, Mudasu etc. (PDF). Harrison & Sons.
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Tindzimi ta Mozambique - Language and language policy in Mozambique. Århus University.
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Languages in Mozambique (PDF). Africa & Asia: Göteborg working papers on Asian and African languages and literatures, v. 1, p. 6-12.
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Nkonko M. Kamwangamalu
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Towards a bibliography for Mozambican languages. Part 1: the smaller languages (PDF). Africa & Asia: Göteborg working papers on Asian and African languages and literatures, v. 3, p. 147-154.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Namibia. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Namibia, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Google Namibia.
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Chief Ankama
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What role does the language of instruction play for a successful education? A case study of the impact of language choice in a Namibian school (PDF). Undergraduate essay. School of Humanities, Växjö University, Sweden.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Niger. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Nigeria. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Nigeria, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Nigerian media, indigenous languages and sustainable development (PDF). From: Selected proceedings of the 36th annual conference on African linguistics. Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
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Nation, tribalism and national language: Nigeria's case. Cahiers d'études africaines, v. 18, p. 397-415.
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The teaching of French and German in Nigerian schools 1859-1959. Cahiers d'études africaines, v. 18, p. 379-396.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Réunion. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Réunion, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Rwanda. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/RW
Languages of Rwanda, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=RW
Google Rwanda.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Western Sahara. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/WI
Directory of cities, towns, and regions in St Helene & Ascension Island. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of St Helena, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Google Saint Helena.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in São Tomé e Príncipe. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
www.fallingrain.com/world/TP
Languages of São Tomé e Príncipe, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Google São Tomé e Príncipe.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Senegal. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Senegal, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Bisharat discussion board: Langues sénégalaises et les NTIC.
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Sénégal.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Seychelles. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Seychelles, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Google Seychelles.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Sierra Leone. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Sierra Leone, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Sierra Leone: Krio and the quest for national integration (PDF). From: Language and national identity in Africa. Edited by Andrew Simpson. Oxford University Press.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in Somalia. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Languages of Somalia, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
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Directory of cities, towns, and regions in South Africa. Falling Rains Genomics Inc.
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Google South Africa.
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Is multiculturalism a workable policy in South Africa? (PDF). International journal on multicultural societies, v. 5, p. 119-134.
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Peter Broeder, Guus Extra, Jeanne Maartens, 2002
Multilingualism in South Africa: with a focus on KwaZulu-Natal and metropolitan Durban (PDF). PRAESA (Project for Alternative Education in South Africa) occasional papers, n. 7. University of Cape Town.
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Language and labour in South Africa: a new approach for a new South Africa (PDF). Econometrics and business statistics working papers, 5/06. Monash University.
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Book review: 'Language and development in southern Africa' edited by R. Trewby & S. Fitchat, 2001. H-Net book review, January 2003.
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No easy walk to linguistic freedom: a critique of language planning during South Africa's first decade of democracy (PDF). Nordic journal of African studies, v. 15, p. 53-70.
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Language student and the Bantu student. From: Iso lomuzi, v. 4/10, p. 9-10.
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Marielle Martinez, 1998
Multilinguisme, démocratie et droits linguistiques: l'undécalinguisme sud-africain - façade ou réalité? (PDF). Politique africaine, n. 71, p. 149-155.
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Intercultural education for Democracy: the case of South Africa (PDF). From: Citizenship, democracy, and lifelong learning. UNESCO Inst. for Education.
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Mkomati John Mongwe, 2006
The role of the South African national lexicography units in the planning and compilation of multifunctional bilingual dictionaries (PDF). MA thesis. University of Stellenbosch.
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Davie Elias Mutasa, 2003
The language policy of South Africa: what do people say? (PDF). DLitt et Phil thesis. University of South Africa.
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